a) Distinguish between formal and informal organizations. (5 marks)
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A formal organization is any organization that has rules and procedures governing the way work is divided and carried out and how tasks are grouped into departments.
An informal organization on the other hand refers to the social structure that governs how employees work together in an organization.
Difference: Whilst formal organizations emphasize on clear definition of authority and job responsibility, informal organizations emphasize on social relationships like friendships and alliances.
b) One of your colleagues is reluctant in joining a formal group that has been established in your company. Explain FIVE benefits that may accrue to him/her if he/she joins the group. (15 marks)
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Benefits of groups:
i) Security: When he/she joins the group the level of insecurity that is associated with being alone will be reduced because of the support from group members.
ii) Enhanced Status: If he/she becomes a member, the recognition and respect given to the group members will also be extended to him/her.
iii) Self Esteem: As a member of a group he/she will enjoy some sense of feelings or self-worth from the group.
iv) Power: There is power in numbers, and what cannot be achieved individually can be achieved by the group.
v) Knowledge acquisition: When an individual joins a group he/she will have the benefit of gaining knowledge from the more experienced members of the group.
vi) Enhanced negotiation position: The individual by becoming a member of a group will enhance his/her negotiation position because the impact of group decisions carries more weight than individual decisions.
vii) Friendship: It is a mechanism of satisfying the individuals’ needs for friendship and social intercourse.
viii) Groups serve as an opportunity to find the individuals identity and for leadership. (Any 5)